Instruments

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DC-8 Instruments
Name	Acronym	Principal Investigator	Type	Description
2D-S (stereo) probe	2D-S (stereo) probe	Paul Lawson, Spec Inc.	Cloud particle sizing and imaging	Measures particle size distribution and black and white images. Derives extinction, particle concentration, ice water content and particle shape.
Dual-Frequency Airborne Precipitation Radar	APR-2	Eastwood Im / Jet Propulsion Laboratory	14/35-GHz dual-frequency Doppler radar	Measures: • Simultaneous HH (co-pol) radar backscatter power profiles at 14 and 35 GHz • Simultaneous HV (cross-pol) radar backscatter power profiles at 14 and 35 GHz • Vertical Doppler frequency profiles at 14 and 35 GHz Derives: • Simultaneous HH (co-pol) radar reflectivity at 14 and 35 GHz • Simultaneous Linear Depolarization Ratio (LDR) at 14 and 35 GHz • Vertical Doppler fall velocity at 14 and 35 GHz • Rainfall rate • Drop-size distribution parameters • Surface backscattering coefficients
Cloud Particle Imager	CPI	Paul Lawson, Spec Inc.	Cloud particle sizing and imaging	Measures particle size distribution and images with 256 gray levels. Derives extinction, particle concentration, ice water content and particle shape.
Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer	CAPS	Andy Heymsfield, NCAR	Optical array imaging probe and scattering spectrometer	Measures particle size distributions 0.5um-6.2mm . Derives Ice water content, extinction, radar reflectivity, fall velocity .
Carbon mOnoxide By Attenuation of Laser Transmission	COBALT	Jim Podolske - NASA Ames Research Center; Co-I's Glenn S. Diskin and Bruce E. Anderson, NASA Langley	in-situ laser absorption spectrometer	Measures carbon monoxide mixing ratio; Derives carbon monoxide mixing ratio profiles
Counterflow Virtual Impactor	CVI	Cynthia Twohy, Oregon State University	In-situ Droplet Impactor	Measures cloud condensed water content (CWC), nuclei composition (by electron microscopy).
Diode Laser Hygrometer	DLH	PI:Glenn Diskin - NASA Langley Research Center Co-I :Jim Podolske - NASA Ames Research Center	in-situ Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer	Measures water vapor mixing ratio; Derives water vapor partial pressure, relative humidity, water vapor flux
High Altitude Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Sounding Radiometer	HAMSR	Bjorn Lambrigtsen, Jet Propulsion Laboratory	Microwave radiometer	Measures brightness temperatures in 25 spectral channels & 3 spectral bands. Derives temperature, water vapor & liquid water vertical profiles; precipitation; convective intensity .
Langley Aerosol Research Group Experiment	LARGE	Bruce E. Anderson, NASA Langley Research Center; Co-I's: Glenn S. Diskin - NASA Langley and Jim Podolske - NASA Ames Research Center	In situ aerosol sensors including condensation nuclei counters, optical particle spectrometers, an aerodynamic particle sizer, multi-wavelength particle-soot absorption photometers, and integrating nephelometers	Measures: Ultrafine aerosol number density, total and non-volatile aerosol number density, dry aerosol size distribution from 0.01 to 10 mm, total and submicron aerosol absorption coefficients at 470, 535, and 670 nm, total and submicron aerosol scattering coefficients at 550 nm, and total scattering and hemispheric backscattering coefficients at 400, 550 and 700 nm. Derives Aerosol size statistics (mode, number and mass mean diameters, etc.), aerosol surface area and mass loading, aerosol extinction, single scattering albedo, and angstrom coefficients.
Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment	LASE	Edward V. Browell (PI), Syed Ismail (Co-PI) NASA Langley	Lidar	Measures water vapor mixing ratio and aerosol scattering ratio (815 nm) profiles. Derives relative humidity, equivalent potential temperature, virtual potential temperature, precipitable water vapor profiles; also aerosol backscatter, aerosol extinction, aerosol optical thickness profiles (815 nm)
Meteorological Measurement System	MMS	T. Paul Bui, NASA Ames Research Center	In situ DC-8 measurements	Measures aircraft position, velocities, acceleration, and attitudes; air flow with respect to aircraft (angle-of-attack, angle-of-sideslip), total temperature, fuselage pressure, total pressure. Derives atmospheric state variables (static pressure, static temperature, 3-dimensional wind field).
Real Time Mission Monitor	RTMM	Rich Blakeslee	real time data acquisition, visualization, and situational awareness	The NAMMA RTMM integrates satellite and radar imagery, model output data, lightning location observations, aircraft (including balloon) navigation data, overlays (e.g., dropsonde analyses), and other data sets. A key addition and advance during NAMMA will be to provide, for the first time, a local RTMM capability on the DC-8 aircraft itself during the flights, enabling on-board scientists and aircraft operators to have access to imagery and data sets unavailable in prior campaigns.
Research Environment for Vehicle-Embedded Analysis on Linux	REVEAL	Lawrence C. Freudinger	onboard data acquisition, processing, recording systems and communications	In-Field Quick Look Products: Quick looks at vehicle sate, fuel temperature monitoring, various environmental parameters. Direct Products: vehicle data bus interfaces, vehicle time-space-position information, sun angle calculations, and custom real-time and post-flight data products. Provides real-time data feeds to LIP displays and TCSP Team.
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Ground Instruments
Name	Acronym	Principal Investigator	Type	Description
NASA Polarimetric Radar	NPOL	John Gerlach and Paul Kucera	Dual polarized S-band Doppler radar	Measures vertical distribution of radar reflectivity, velocity, differential reflectivity, differential phase, correlation coefficient. Derives rainfall estimates and rainfall rates
Radiosonde/ Tethersone	n/a	Everette Joseph, PI, Greg Jenkins, Co-I, Jose Fuentes, Co-I	sonde	Investigate: 1. precipitating systems that may lead to tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern Atlantic Ocean; 2. mesoscale convective systems properties and lifecycle characteristics; 3. surface-atmosphere interactions and its relationship to cloud and precipitation processes; and 4. validation of space-borne products, with an emphasis on TRMM in a coastal environment and quantifying errors associated with the under-sampling (spatial and temporal) of precipitating features on various time-scales (daily, weekly, monthly).
Surface-sensing Measurements for Atmospheric Radiative Transfer; Chemical, Optical, and Microphysical Measurements of In-situ Troposphere	SMART-COMMIT	Jack Ji, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland College Park (ESSIC, UMCP)	radiometers, lidar, particle sizers, gas monitors, meteorological sensors, tethered radiosonde	Measures radiances, irradainces, back scatter profile, atmospheric state variables, aerosol scattering/absorbing, particle size distribution, trace gas concentrations, sky image. Derives temperature and water vapor profiles, aerosol scattering/absorbing coefficients, aerosol optical thickness, extinction profile, surface BRDF, cloud and dust properties.
Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Radar	TOGA	John Gerlach and Robert Cifelli	C-band linear polarized Doppler radar	Measures vertical distribution of radar reflectivity, velocity, differential reflectivity, differential phase, correlation coefficient. Derives: rainfall estimates and rainfall rates
Starnet Network	Starnet	Vasso Kotroni and Kostas Lagouvardos	VLF Sferics Array	Identifies location and polarity of lightning (primarily cloud-to-ground)
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